Hidalgo Resturant, Inc: Succeeding As An Entrepreneur Essay

I. VISION A. Vision Statement â€Å"For everyone who works with us to discover in themselves their talent and their potential and to build relationship with each other† B. Comments Vision statements should answer the question â€Å"What do we want to become.† But Hidalgo’s vision statement does not answer that question. It doesn’t even mention what kind of business they are into. C. Proposed Vision Statement To be the preferred restaurant of Filipinos and expatriates, providing total customer satisfaction through quality, service, cleanliness, and value. II. MISSION A. Mission Statement Hidalgo Restaurant, Inc. doesn’t have specific mission statement B. Comments A Mission Statement reflects the company’s core purpose, identity, values and principle business aims. A Mission is defined as ‘Purpose, reason for being’. Defined simply â€Å"Who we are and what we do.† Mission statements should possess nine (9) components which are (1) customers, (2) products or services (3) markets, (4) technology, (5) Concern for survival, growth, and profitability, (6) philosophy, (7) self – concept, (8) concern for public image, and (9) concern for employees. C. Proposed Mission Statement We are committed to provide total customer satisfaction and exceed customer’s expectations through setting the trend in raising the bar, to be the change agents contributing directly to the country’s development, creating standards of excellence which every Filipino may aspire, to be in the business of building relationships and partnerships, among which one partner is the customer, in order to maximize earnings that will benefit our supplier, employees, and investors. III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS The restaurant sub-sector includes places that serve food and drinks, be it self-service or full-service. This covers a range of services including fine dining specialty restaurants, fast food outlets, canteens, and food courts. In terms of its contribution to the national economy, the hotel and restaurant industry accounted for 1.35% of Philippines’ 1998 gross domestic product (PHP12 billion in GVA compared to the Philippine’s PHP889 billion GDP during the period) and 1.28% of its national product (PHP12 billion in GVA compared to the PHP931 billion GNP). Moreover, the hotel and restaurant industry employed about 1% (282,142) of the country’s 31,278,000 labor force during the same period. Meanwhile, the National Statistics Office (NSO) in 1994, classified 46,930 firms as belonging to the hotel and restaurant industry, employing a total of 221,954 people. At the time, each peso investment in labor contributed PHP4.40 to the industry’s total output while ea ch peso investment yielded a PHP1.27 contribution to the same. A. Economic Forces Restaurant patrons cross all economic groups. Fast foods and food courts cater to all income classes. Specialty fine dining restaurants, generally target the A, B, and C crowd. The proliferation of one-stop shopping malls that offer various recreational facilities and amenities is also an important growth factor. The heavy pedestrian traffic that the malls attract means big business for the restaurant industry, particularly the fast food sub-sector. Moreover, these malls spare the restaurant industry from spending extensive business development studies for their outlets; mall magnates Henry Sy and John Gokongwei Jr. have established formidable track records in building malls. Finally, Filipino communities abroad are strong basis for the export of local restaurants and fast food technology. The presence of Goldilocks, Jollibee, Max, Red Ribbon, and Barrio Fiesta, among others, in the US, for example, is a result of demand from Filipino migrants longing for a taste for home. B. Social, Cultural, and Demographic Forces The urban population to which restaurants cater is largely made up of young people who have higher disposable incomes and who are more likely to experiment with different cuisine. Brand loyalty is particularly strong in the fast food sub-sector of the restaurant industry. Jollibee patrons, for example, generally stay loyal to the franchise regardless of price increases. Demand for dining out is associated with both the ever-expanding options available, and also with the number one reason most consumers use restaurants: they provide a convenient, reasonably priced experience that offers better flavors and taste sensations than consumers can get at home. This has become particularly critical at a time when more and more women are entering the workforce and consequently have less time to prepare meals at home. Moreover, the Philippine population is youth-oriented. Almost half of the estimated 75 million Filipinos are below 18. And since a large proportion of fast food consumers is betwe en the ages of 16-24, the annual 2.3% population growth rate guarantees market growth for the sub-sector. C. Political, Legal, and Governmental Forces Strong support of industry associations and trade unions (i.e., Hotel and Restaurant Association of the Philippines and the NWHUAI) enable the hotel industry, among other things, to undertake programs and projects that upgrade and professionalize the sector and to influence government regulatory policies/laws/rules affecting the industry. D. Technological Forces International food chains and franchises facilitate transfer of technology in the local restaurant sub-sector. They provide training of potential employees and employ strict quality control systems. In terms of availability of technology, the Philippine market is highly competitive with numerous products and brands offered at reasonable prices, and, therefore, allowing restaurant owners the luxury of choosing the type of technology that best suit their operations. Equipment purchasing decisions depend on the type of end-user. For instance, local single-unit restaurants need inexpensive equipment, so price is the main guiding factor. On the other hand, fine dining restaurants are willing to pay a premium for high quality, durability, after-sales service, cost effectiveness, reputable supplier and fast delivery. Restaurant owners regularly participate in local and international equipment trade fairs, allowing them access to the latest hotel equipment technology. E. Competitive Forces There are about 45,220 restaurant establishments in the domestic economy and about 80% of them belong to the fast food sub-sector. Food franchising is extremely popular. There are 1,057 franchised quick serve restaurants, 14 casual dining and theme restaurants, and 507 coffee shops, bakeries, and confectioneries. The industry in which the restaurant and fast food firms operate has increasing consumer demand for every improving product. The growth is proven by the rapid expansion of food outlets in key areas in Metro Manila and the provinces. The popularity of fast food establishments came in the 1980’s, and over the last years, the industry has consistently posted double-digit growth rates. Competition is fierce in the restaurant industry, particularly the fast food sub-sector. The market is large but consumers are price conscious and exhibit brand loyalty. With a wide range of restaurants and fast food establishments to choose from, pricing schemes and marketing strategies determine market shares. Market strategies of industry players, therefore, aim to achieve two primary objectives: 1) hammer in â€Å"value-for-money† concepts; and 2) create brand consciousness and loyalty. Market shares in the restaurants are won or lost in pricing. Industry players regularly offer price cuts and discounts to lure in new customers. Moreover, major players invest heavily in advertising to create brand consciousness and loyalty. Marketing strategies include raffle draws, free gift items and specially prized meal combinations, discounted toys and school items for every certain minimum food purchase. Celebrity endorsements are used in the hopes that the market will identify with the endorser. Likewise, intense competition urges players to come up with new products to capture bigger market shares. Restauranteurs have to be keen at finding the latest food and wine concoctions here and abroad and adapting them to local taste. Targeting the Filipino’s tastebuds, several fastfood chains that usually serve only western food have introduced items that appeal to the local market’s palate. Raising quality standards and improving service have also been focal points of competition, particularly in the fast food sub-sector. Players give incentives and compensations to motivate employees to be efficient on their jobs and thus help maintain the fast food outlet’s high standards of quality service and cleanliness. Also, a major importance in a fast food and restaurant is courteous and friendly personnel. Not surprisingly, speedy service is among the more salient attributes people would highly expect from a fast food restaurant.

Medici Godfathers Of The Renaissance Vi

The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance Viewing Guide 1. To what era did people of the Renaissance look back to as the golden age of human life? What city, which was the birthplace of Cosmic d' Medici and the center of this new movement? 2. What huge gamble did Comic's dad take that put the Medic's on the map? Describe in detail. 3. What project had the people of Florence failed to complete? Who tried to complete this failure? How did he prove he could do it? 4. What happened to Cosmic in Florence thanks to the Labials family? How did he get UT of it?Once exiled, how did he get out of that? What power did the people of Florence give to him as a result? 5. Describe the relationship the Medici bank had with the church. What did they collect for the Pope? From where did they collect this? 6. What is patronage? How did Cosmic use it to lead to political influence and power? 7. What was Brutishness's problem when it came to completing the dome of the Doom? How did he prove to his worker s that it could be done? 8. Who becomes first citizen of Florence after the death of Cosmic? What infamousItalian organization does the video compare his government, leadership style, and system of favors to? 9. Who were the main rivals to Lorenz once he came to power? What incentive did the church have to bring down the Medici? In what type of plot, on Easter Sunday, did these two come together? What was the result and aftermath of the plot? 10. After sorting out is enemies, what did Lorenz take/get from Florence? How did he use his money and power and what title did he receive? What famous Renaissance artist did he discover at a young age as a result of this?

Relection writing refer to group work in legal skills course Essay

Relection writing refer to group work in legal skills course - Essay Example Most importantly, they must work closely with the clients they serves. Therefore I see the need to rise above myself and learn to interact with people. As I join a student firm, I know that I can perform various tasks like collaborating with others to reach certain goals, share information, and cultivate relationships. Following the Belbin theory on Team Roles, I know that I can also determine my distinctive contribution to my group, and at this moment I feel my giving stress to being an implementer, a vital cog in team work. Last year was my freshman year’s first encounter with a group. I recall how I tried to find a place in my student firm. We did various tasks which taught me a lot, particularly in making concrete the abstract legal skills learned through readings and lectures. However, I think that we could have done better, achieved desired outcomes such as in exercises in doing interviews and negotiating with other firms. But there were behavioural difficulties in the t eam. Of course, theorists on organizational behaviour like Keith Davis say that no one can be totally blamed for failures in an organizational setting. Team efforts, he noted, result in team results. And so, I think this was precisely our main difficulty—we were not fully a team. Individually, we were too conscious of protecting our self image and self esteem. And feeling threatened by problems which faced us, teamwork did not fully surface. Of course, the desirable outcomes could have been achieved. And Davis says conflicts should not be bad at all for organized groupings. It can stir a search for approaches to get the desired results, also allow problems to become more crystal clear so that these can be faced and resolved. But this was not the case last year. Our conflicts caused the issues to become muddled. We could not face what were unknown and so we could not fully resolve them. In my joining a group this year, my team members and myself seemed better prepared for team building and team success. In spite of the failure of most firms during freshman year, there is a common agreement among my classmates that we are no longer greenhorns this year. We can learn from whatever mistakes we made, and build on the failures last year. Naming our firm came to my group as the great test to the social process of group dynamics which we were tasked to do. And we were prepared this time to forming a firm with scientific tools for learning the different roles we can play. We also assumed different kinds of leadership which can be listed under the Belbin theory of Team Roles namely: as Plant, Monitor Evaluator, Coordinator, Resource Inventory Communicator, Implementer, Complete Finisher, Team workers, Shaper or Specialist. And through our group interactions, we disproved a mathematical logic by showing that â€Å"two plus two equals three.† Our firm did have individual members who can be singly counted and added to form the whole team. However, our relatio nship was an added factor to count such that the team, aside from the individuals, was an additional count. Of course, I have much to thank my group members, especially our chairperson who proved to be an able Coordinator. He led us to focus together on work objectives, drew out our individual strengths, and delegated work. Reflecting on myself as being naturally silent and shy, my Coordinator delegated me with tasks which I could well perform. More importantly, the whole team gave me a listening ear and accepted my

The Importance of Development, Communication, and Learning in Teams Essay

The Importance of Development, Communication, and Learning in Teams - Essay Example Importance of Team Development Team development is important because it produces a productive workforce. Team work inspires solidarity among employees and it also helps build trust (Mackin, 2007). This way everyone in the company carries out their duties effectively since they have the support of everyone else. For example, when a company encourages team work among its employees, they will be able to trust each other, communicate better and learn to work together to achieve the company’s objectives. Effective Training Principles For effective team development, the following team principles are necessary: leadership, communication, trust, problem solving and decision making capabilities (Midura and Glover, 2005). In a company scenario, when team members are trained to work as a team, they not only enhance their leadership skills, but they also learn how to trust and communicate more effectively. This helps them solve problems and make decisions that are beneficial for the proje ct at hand. Stages in Team Development The five stages of team development proposed by Bruce Tuckman are: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning (Sugars, 2006). At the forming stage, the team members get to know each other better, they exchange personal information and they also make new friends. It is at this stage that members get a scope of the task at hand. Example: when team members get together to know each other’s names and interests, that is forming. At the storming stage, each team member has different ideas of the project at hand. It is at this stage that the team decides which problems to solve and how to solve them. Example: there may be differences on the reporting time for the team project, but when the members sit and agree on a specific time, the issue is resolved. At the norming stage, the team comes up with a single goal and a plan for carrying out activities. For example: a team might decide that the goal is to build new software in two month s and everyone should take the responsibility in ensuring that that happens. At the performing stage, the team members are actually working together to finish a project without any conflicts. Example: team members working on the algorithms of software can be said to be performing. Adjourning is the final stage that involves the dissolution of the team after a task has been finished. For instance, when a team comes up with new software, there is no more work to be done by the team and so it is dissolved (Midura and Glover, 2005). Communication in Teams Communication in a team helps individuals to achieve what they set out to achieve when they formed the team. When there is communication within the team, the team members are likely to be more efficient in carrying out their duties, and therefore they end up being more productive (Sugars, 2006). Teams communicate when individuals share information about the projects that they are working on. Communication also occurs when each member l ets the others know what his role is and what he expects to get from the team work. Communication allows the team members to develop trust and find ways of resolving conflicts that may arise (Lumsden, Lumsden and Wiethoff, 2010). An example of team communication is when members know each other so well that they are able to help each other out and compliment each other’s efforts without a problem. Team Learning This is the organizational process that involves individuals working

Nursing Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Philosophy - Essay Example People become patients when they seek assistance because of illness or for surgery. Some nurses believe that the word patient implies passive acceptance of the decisions and care of health professionals. With the emphasis on health promotion and prevention of illness, many recipients of nursing care are not ill. Moreover, nurses interact with family members and others to provide support, information, and comfort in addition to caring for the patient. For these reasons, nurses increasingly refer to recipients of health care as clients. A client is a person who engages the advice or service of another who is qualified to provide this service. The term client presents the receivers of health care as collaborators in the care, that is, as people who are also responsible for their own health. In 1995, the American Nurses Association (ANA) recognized the influence and contribution of the science of caring to nursing philosophy and practice. Their most recent definition of nursing acknowledges few essential features of contemporary nursing practice. (p.8) People's health beliefs influence their health practices. Thus a nurse's health values and practices may differ form those of a client. Nurses need to ensure that a plan of care developed for an individual relates to the clients conception of health. People are becoming increasingly aware of their environment and how it affects t

Connection between gender roles and violence against women Essay

Connection between gender roles and violence against women - Essay Example This essay "Connection between gender roles and violence against women" outlines the power of gender roles in society and how it is linked with violence against women. One does not need to look very hard in order to find a situation in which gender roles encourage a level of abuse and violence towards women. The young girls are told from the very earliest of ages that it is not ladylike to raise their voice or command in a demanding tone. Although it is possible that the same advice is given to young boys, it is far less common. Competition and demanding attitudes within boys is oftentimes encouraged; not only within the home but within a litany of sports programs and competitive engagements that these young boys are encouraged to take part in. In short, the children of our society are predisposed to an understanding of the fact that girls should be tended and shy by nature whereas boys should be boisterous and demanding; exercising a will to power over society and their own individu al wants. Of course, the same can be true with regards to sex and the means by which children are taught expected behavior with regards to sex. By and large, abstinence is most strictly promoted for girls as chastity is viewed as something of a feminine virtue. Although this is partly the case for boys, the level and extent to which this is evident is greatly reduced than the level and extent in which it is exhibited and girls. What such a differential suggests is that boys will be boys and should and probably will engage in a high number of sexual activities. prior to some form of monogamy. However, women should not be in charge of their own sexuality and perhaps cannot even be trusted to be in charge of it; thereby demanding that they remain chaste and abstinent. Returning to the power dynamic that boys and men are instilled with a nearly every aspect of world culture, one can see the way

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reading Response - Essay Example In fact, most writers are hardly sure if they are going to get enough stuff for the number of pages required. Lamott refers to a time when, through experience in the writing process, she â€Å"eventually let [herself] trust the process, sort of, more or less† (1). This is because, even being an experienced writer, she still has to begin by putting down really shitty first drafts. After refining the initial draft a second and third time, she is able to come up with excellent pieces. She still gets wary of what she puts down and still worries about whether her work is good enough. Lamott wariness is not personal but rather a common trait among all writers. Getting the right words and knowing how to begin the first paragraph for a piece of work is a challenge to all writers. For every writer, writing is a process that begins with no order but ultimately ends with excellence. Writing a first draft is more about the process because it is not well organized. It rather serves as a form of reference for a writer’s initial ideas that could be forgotten if not scribbled down. Most first drafts can only be understood by the writer. Therefore a second and third draft is crucial. A second draft is significant because it incorporates corrections and new leads. This gives the work some direction. A third draft is the accurate draft; a writer ensures that the words and flow of work is accurate by reviewing every detail. Lamott says that â€Å"almost all good writing begins with terrible efforts† (2). Every writer has to begin somewhere and this can only be done by putting down information and thoughts on paper. According to Lamott, not one of the great writers â€Å"sits down routinely feeling wildly enthusiastic and confident. Not one of them writes elegant first drafts† (1). As a writer, starting the first paragraph of a piece of work has always been a challenge. I get worried about the

Sweatshop labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sweatshop labor - Essay Example The facts are evidenced in how 7 percent of trade around the globe today is with counterfeit goods. (Thomas, p 2). This type of manufacture of goods is involved with such tragedies as child labor, abusive conditions, along with ties to terrorism and organized crime. Law mentions how counterfeiting results in more than just low wages, but in manipulation and funneling of monies into illegal activities that pose as significant threats to society as a whole (Thomas, p. 2) Conditions that children workers are made to endure are horrific by any reasonable person’s standard. In fact, it should shock the conscience of U.S. consumers and businesspeople alike. One example that Dana Thomas found in Thailand was a plant that had young children who were being forced to make counterfeit handbags for sale to the more developed lands such as the United States. The children had their legs intentionally broken by sweatshop owners and placed in such a manner that no healing of the broken limbs would occur. The owners did this to force the children to work against their will in the production of counterfeit goods (Thomas, p.1). Advanced nations like America are contributing to the problem of sweatshop labor and seeking low cost goods at the expense of human health and decency issues. This is a major society problem as Jim Hightower points to in his article â€Å"The Price of Cheap Goods†. One issue that Hightower points out is that America has such a demand for low-cost labor that critical safeguards for workers are being ignored or bypassed simply due to economic demand and pressure for ever more cheaper labor costs and higher profits for the American based companies (Hightower, p.1) One example that Hightower mentions is that research at one Hong Kong area factory discovered that the workers at the plant will break or

Discussing Literary Genre Essay Example for Free

Discussing Literary Genre Essay To define genre is to embark on a conjectural journey within a theoretical minefield. Genre theory has drawn immense debate and contemplation throughout literary history, however, several conclusions have emerged. Genre types are unfixed categories whose characteristics differ considerably among the specific genres; furthermore, the role of literary history plays a significant role in discussions of genre, for genre types evolve and shift with each new literary text. An approach to the discussion of genre, family resemblances, illustrates similar conventions among texts within a genre, but there are significant problems in this approach. There are several ways to discuss genre, and although problems abound in any approach, the subjective nature of the literary experience calls attention to the importance of the interaction between reader and text to provide the final word on genre. Although there is considerable theoretical debate about the definition of specific genres, the conventional definition tends to be based on the idea that texts within a genre share particular conventions of content and form, such as themes, settings, structure and style. However, the nature of genre leads to several problems inherent in the defining of genres. Certain genres are looser and more open ended in their conventions than other genres and some genres have many conventions while others have very few. Furthermore, literary texts that overlap and mix genres blur the distinction between them. Genres are not discrete systems consisting of a fixed number of list able items. Consequently, the same text can belong to different genres in different countries or times. For example, Latin poets categorized the elegy mainly in terms of its meter, while poets during the English Renaissance regarded the subject matter and tone to be determinate of form. History and culture play a role in the ever changing status of genres, which are difficult to define because the concept encompasses so many different literary qualities and conventions that can be broken or accepted, overlapped or mixed. Rather than define genre, some theorists approach the discussion of genre using Ludwig Wittgenstein’s concept of â€Å"family resemblances† among literary texts. Although a literary text rarely has all the characteristics of a particular genre, this method involves the discernment of similar conventions among texts within a genre. However, the problem of selection arises, for which texts can claim to be representative of a genre? Moreover, who decides the selection of these texts? The consideration of specific characteristics in literature introduces problems regarding the classification of literary works. The choice of characteristics taken into account is essential to the discussion of genre types . The characteristics of specific genres shift throughout history to accommodate variations in the category that occur; the defining characteristics of a particular genre can alter so drastically that the preliminary era in a new genre may not resemble the modern literary works in that genre. The works of Edgar Allan Poe, considered to be the father of the modern short story, show the contrast between the classification of short fiction in the 19th century and today. Poe’s short story, â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue†, provides suspense and mystery; however, the story does not include the main character’s moment of consciousness, the key ingredient in classifying modern short stories. Although â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue† does not entail a moment of revelation, the story was regarded as short fiction in 1841. The contrast between early short fiction and the modern short story demonstrates the varying qualities of the genre between its preliminary stages and the present, and shows the substantial transformation which occurred within the genre. The types of genres not only shift throughout history but also alter with each new literary work. The altering of generic categories results in further difficulty in defining genre and classifying literary texts, for it demonstrates that generic forms are never fixed entities. Literary theorist Todorov asserts that although â€Å"every work modifies the sum of possible works we grant a text the right to figure in the history of literature only insofar as it produces a change in our previous notion of one activity or another†. Donald Barthelme’s â€Å"The Glass Mountain† is an example that expands the notion of short stories; the text challenges readers to find meaning and story where there is none. â€Å"The Glass Mountain† influences and increases the possibilities of short stories, while compelling readers to contemplate the role of short stories. Such engagement between a literary text and a reader results in the most intriguing and merited discussion of genre. The subjective procedure of defining genre appeals to the relationship between text and reader. Genre provides a framework within which texts are interpreted, and expectations and emotional outlooks are the individual results of reading literature. The expectations prompted by conventions in a literary text play a large role in the discussion of genre. For example, Mavis Gallant’s â€Å"From the Fifteenth District† cheats the expectation that arises from the first sentence, â€Å"[a]lthough an epidemic of haunting † (Gallant 115), and surprises readers with the discovery that the story is a reversal of the ghost story. A reader’s personal interaction with a literary work is decisive of genre, for what we think a genre is and the individual’s impression of a literary text often serve to classify a literary work. The individual’s response to literature plays a vital role in the discussion of genre, for literary texts are created for an audience of one. The various means to discuss genre provide insightful observations; however, significant problems are inherent in these discussions. The constantly changing categories of genre and the emergence of new literary works make defining genre a daunting task better left to the individual reader.

Asylum Seekers Essay Example for Free

Asylum Seekers Essay The still images of Asylum seekers revealed the medias uncaring attitude towards them. The media believe that asylum seekers are nothing but poor helpless scroungers who soak up others countries fund. I thought that the most powerful image was the one that had a scruffy haired woman reaching out with one hand. This to me was a very effective still image because it mirrored the medias opinion both proximally and kinetically. The womans facial expressions suggested that she was distressed and desperate which in an example of the pictures that are always conveyed in the media. Furthermore the womans gestus (Hand out in need) represented how she needed some aid and refuge. An act that is perceived by the media, as a way to sponge of the countries services, such as healthcare and housing. I conveyed my attitude towards asylum seekers and refugees by taking part in an attitude continuum. I place myself in the number 7 spot 3 places away from being totally sympathetic (10) and 7 spaces away from having a hostile attitude (1). I placed my self here because I believe that as a Christian we should help any one in need and provide refuge for them. However I also feel that we should help the homeless and needy in our own country first. In our still image sequence we acted as farmers in order to show our understanding of the line When the sun says goodnight to the mountains. I am dreaming of the sun saying goodnight. We believed that the lines meant that the sun is ruining all of the Caribbean farmers crops. So without anything to harvest the farmer, owner and the buyer are all badly effected. We showed this with two images. The first one with the farmer sitting around doing nothing because without the rain he could not grow is a crop. The farmer tells the audience without my job on the farm I cannot feed my family. The owner of the farm is seen with is hands empty as he looks nervously at the buyer and says because of the lack of rain I have no harvest to sell. Lastly the buyer looks frustrated at the owner as he proclaims to the audience. Because of the lack of rain I have no harvest to buy cheap and then sell for a profit.

The sport discipline

The sport discipline In sport disciplines that rely on speed endurance or strength endurance, anaerobic glycolysis provides the primary energy source for muscular contractions (Zajac et al., 2009) During high intensity exercise there is an increase of hydrogen (H+) ions in the mitochondria (Pilegaard et al., 1999). The metabolic demands of high-intensity exercise are met primarily by glycolysis, which is the non-oxidative breakdown of glucose (Gosselink et al.,1995). This is caused when the demand for energy exceeds oxygen supply or utilisation rate. As a result the cell mitochondria cannot process all hydrogen ions joined to its carrier NADH. The hydrogen ions begin to accumulate in the cells which decrease the pH of exercising muscles and cellular acidosis occurs (Brooks 1985). To maintain availability of NAD+, and to prevent acidosis, excess Hydrogen ions are temporarily bound with pyruvate to form lactic acid. Rupp et al., (1983) states that at rest arterial blood pH is ~7.4, while venous blood pH is normally slightly lower (~7.3-7.35) and muscle pH is ~6.9. It is also suggested Exhaustive exercise decreases pH ~0.4 pH units in both blood and muscle, and is highly correlated to increased blood lactate concentration. Similarly, blood and muscle bicarbonate ion concentration decreases linearly as a function of increasing lactate ion concentration. This increase in hydrogen ion concentration interferes with anaerobic metabolism by disrupting the activities of key enzymes; it is also associated with reduction in ATP production, lipolysis, and muscle tension (Monedero Donne. 2000). Harrison and Thompson (2005) state that the increase in acidity ultimately inhibits energy transfer and the ability of the muscles to contract; forcing the athlete to decrease the intensity of exercise. Gollnick et al., (1986) suggests that this is because hydrogen ions displace calcium from troponin, which causes interference in muscle contraction. It is the production of these hydrogen ions and the decrease in pH that causes the effects associated with fatigue (Robergs, 2004) Acidemia also has an effect on the cardiovascular system, by reducing or stops the responses of the heart to stimulation of sympathetic nerves and slows the heart rate due to vagal stimulation (Hainsworth 1986) CO2 levels and the pH of the blood perfusing the cephalic circulation has an effect on efferent signal activity (Soladoye et al., 1985) The bodys first line of defence to prevent acidemia are naturally occurring chemical buffers such as a weak carbonic acid and sodium bicarbonates (Zajac et al., 2009) A buffer is a solution containing substances which have the ability to minimise changes in pH when an acid or base is added to it (worthley 1977) The intracellular buffering system, includes amino acids, proteins, Pi, HCO3, creatine phosphate (CrP) hydrolysis, and lactate production, binds or consumes H_ to protect the cell against intracellular proton accumulation (Robergs et al., 2004) Explain gradient In the bicarbonate buffer (HCO3) system the chemical equilibrium between carbonic acid and bicarbonate act as a ph regulator. Buffering results in H+ ions being drawn out from the muscle cells into the blood due to a concentration gradient. This process reduces the acidity within in the muscle cells (Lambert et al., 1993). If the [H+] in blood begins to drop then the pH raises, more carbonic acid dissociates, replenishing hydrogen ions. When [H+] rises, the bicarbonate ion acts as a base and removes the excess hydrogen ions lowering the pH (Mcnaughton et al., 2008) During buffering NaHCO3 in plasma exerts a strong buffering action on lactic acid to form sodium lactate and carbonic acid. An additional increase in [H+] from carbonic acid dissociation causes the dissociation reaction to move in the opposite direction to release carbon dioxide into plasma. (McArdle et al., 2007) Hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are detected by specialized chemoreceptors in the brain. Inside cells, carbon dioxide (CO2) combines with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). The carbonic acid breaks down rapidly into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. Therefore, an increase in carbon dioxide results in an increase in hydrogen ions, while a decrease in carbon dioxide brings about a decrease in hydrogen ions (West 1995) chemoreceptors in the medulla detect the raised level of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. They send afferent signals the inspiratory center, which immidately stimulates veltilation to eliminate excess carbondioxide (McArdle et al., 2007) State how buffers work, conversion of co2 Hawthorn (1986) states that in the short term the most important buffer in the body is haemoglobin as it produces the smallest change in pH per given amount of acid, showing that it is most effective in retaining equilibrium. In the long term the most important buffer during exercise is the ventilatory buffer system in combination with bicarbonate. As the lungs remove excess CO2, reduced plasma CO2 levels accelerate the recombination of H+ and HCO3, lowering free [H+]s in plasma (McArdle et al., 2007) When the buffering capacity within the cell is exceeded, lactate and hydrogen ions diffuse outside the cells (McNaughton, 1992) thus reducing [H+] in muscle cell, this however leads to a higher H+ gradient in the blood (Robergs et al., 2004) resulting in an increased acidic environment. The ability to tolerate high-intensity exercise is limited by the bodys ability to counteract decreases in intracellular (muscle) and extracellular (blood) pH through its intrinsic buffering systems (Gosselink et al.,1995) What is Sodium Bicarbonate Lambert et al., (1993) states that Sodium bicarbonate is an alkalising agent that reduces the acidity of the blood by the process of buffering. Sodium bicarbonatebuffers the acidity from lactic acid that is created by anaerobic metabolism. This allows prolonged maintenance of force or power (Montgomery and Beaudin 1982) Sodium is an electrolyte that helps increase or maintain blood volume, creating a larger buffering space for muscles to excrete the extra acidity created by high-intensity activity. Benardot (2006) has suggested that the sodium in the sodium bicarbonate may actually be more useful than the bi carbonate. Potteiger et al. (1996) tested the effect of sodium citrate on 30-km cycling performance. Performance times averaged almost 3% faster than those in the placebo condition, showing the effectiveness of sodium and its effect on performance. Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the pHbuffering system by accepting hydrogen ions from solutions when they are in excess and donating hydrogen ions to the solution when they are depleted, keeping a constant state of homeostasis. (Robergs et al., 2004) This process reduces the acidity within in the muscle cells. The process of buffering could therefore result in delayed fatigue and increased muscle force production. (Lambert et al., 1993) Despite an increase in extracellular bicarbonate, studies show that the sarcolemma is not permeable to bicarbonate (Mainwood Cechetto 1980). This suggests that H+ ions are not buffered inside muscle cells. Extracellular bicarbonate concentration results in greater H+ efflux to the blood (Mainwood Worsley-Brown. 1975) More about why Thus it has been reasoned by physiologists that by increasing bicarbonate reserves, the bodys extracellular buffering capacity will allow hydrogen ions to diffuse from the muscles at a faster rate. The benefit from sodium bicarbonate supplementation would therefore be a delayed onset of fatigue during anaerobic exercise (Cairns, 2006) In the early 1980s it was suggested that ingestion of NaCO3 could be effective in improving short-term exercise performance. Wilkes et al., (1983)compared the effects of NaCO3 and a placebo in six competitive 800-m runners. The bicarbonate was givenover a two-hour period at a dose equivalent to 21 gm for a 70-kg person (0.3 g per kg of body weight).The athletes completed a competitive 800-m race. Average performance was 2% faster in the bicarbonate condition than in the control or placebo conditions. In a similar study, but using a higher dose of sodium bicarbonate (0.4 g/kg, or 28 gm for a 70-kg person),Goldfinch et al. (l988)investigated the 400-m race performance of six trained runners.Athletes competed in pairs to simulate real competition. The performance of the bicarbonate group was 2% better than the control and placebo, which were not different from each other. The time difference was equivalent to a 10-m distance at the finish. Muscle biopsys on athletes have shown that after bicarbonate loading, the less acidic your blood pH and also less acidic your muscle pH. (Bouissou et al., 1988) Other studies Lactate production acts as both a buffering system, by consuming H+, and a proton remover, by transporting H+ across the sarcolemma, to protect the cell against metabolic acidosis. (Robergs et al., 2004) Katz and Sahlin (1988) states that rapid the increase in the production of lactic acid and the free H+ can be buffered by bicarbonate causing the nonmetabolic production of carbon dioxide (CO2). Consecutively the raised blood CO2 content stimulate an increased rate of ventilation causing the temporal relationship between the lactate and ventilatory thresholds (Stringer et al., 1992). Thomas et al., (2005) state that Lactate concentrations increase post exercise after NaHCO3 ingestion. This is common amongst studies testing the effects of NaHCO3. Raymer et al. (2004) suggests that at the point of fatigue, muscle [H+] does not decrease with sodium-bicarbonate ingestion. However the acidosis threshold increases, meaning that during induced alkalosis, muscle acidosis is lower at the same muscle workload. This is congruent with Cairns (2006) who stated that NaHCO3 delays onset of fatigue during anaerobic exercise. However there are potential negative side effects from taking sodium bicarbonate include severe gastrointestinal distress and nausea; this should give athletes reason to be careful before taking this potential ergogenic aid (Applegate 1999). These risks can be reduced through appropriate dosing and timing RPE and anticipation, if RPE is reduced then you should go faster How bicarb affects perceived exersion How other mechanism so regulating ph and mayb central gonenor afferent and efferent pacing algorithm However it has been suggested that NaHCO3 ingestion alone may not increase performance and other mechanisms may regulate performance for example the Central Governor model. The central governor model suggests that the brain is contently monitoring biochemical changes in the body through afferent and efferent signals and regulates them accordingly. This safety mechanism is in place to regulate and possibly stop exertion to prevent damage to the cells. This would suggest that the reason athletes are able to exert for longer is that the afferent signals such as pH levels in the muscle allow the brain to exert more without the risk of damage. Studies giving evidence for this argument include studies by Kostka Cafarelli (1982) have suggested that RPE during exercise maybe influenced through manipulation of acid-base status, suggesting that shifts in [H+] are linked to sensory processes (Renfree 2009) Ingestion of NaHCO3has been demonstrated to reduce RPE during supra lactate threshold (>LT) intensity exercise (Robertson et al 1986). This is congruent with finding from Renfree (2009) who found that Power output was higher (P Robbertson et al 1986 Applegate, E (1999). Effective nutritional ergogenic aids. International journal of nutrition. 9 (2) 229-39 Bouissou, P; Defer, G; Guezennec, C Y; Estrade, P Y; Serrurier, B (1988) Metabolic and blood catecholamine responses to exercise during alkalosis. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 20, (3) Cairns, S.P. (2006) Lactic acid and exercise performance. Sports Medicine 36, 279-289. concentration on the efflux of lactate from frog sartorius muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.). 250:1-22, 1975. Dan Benardot. D (2006) Advanced Sports Nutrition Fitts, R. Holloszy, J. (1976). Lactate and contractile force in frog muscle during development of fatigue and recovery. American Journal of Physiology, 231(3), 430-433. Goldfinch, J., Mc Naughton, L.R., Davies, P. (1988). Bicarbonate ingestion and its effects upon 400-m racing time. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 57, 45-48. Gollnick, P., Bayly, W. Hodgson, D. (1986). Exercise intensity, training diet, and lactate concentration in muscle and blood. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 18(3), 334-340. Gosselink. K, Linderman. J, Fahey. T (1995) Sodium Bicarbonate as an Ergogenic aid. Life Science journal, 239-250 Harrison, A. and Thompson, K. (2005) Ergogenic aids: sodium bicarbonate. Peak Performance 219, 9-10 Katz A and Sahlin K. (1988) Regulation of lactic acid production during exercise. J Appl Physiol 65: 509-518 Kostka, C., AND E.Caffarelli (1982) Effect of pH on sensation and vastus lateralis electromyogram during cycle exercise.J.App.Physiol.52(5)1181-1185. Lambert, C.P., Greenhaff, P.L., Ball., Maughan, R.J. (1993). Influence of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on plasma ammonia accumulation during incremental exercise in man. European journal of applied physiology, 66, 49-54. Lindermann, J.K., Gosselink, K.L. (1994). The effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on exercise performance, Sports Medicine, 18, 75-80. Mainwood, G.W., and D. Cechetto. The effect of bicarbonate concentration on fatigue and recovery in isolated rat diaphragm muscle. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 58:624-632, 1980. Mainwood, G.W., and P.A. Worsley-Brown. The effect of extracellular pH and buffer McArdle, W.D, Katch, F.I, Katch, V.L., (2005) Exercise Physiology, 6th edition. Baltamore: Lippincott, Williams Wilkins Mcnaughton, L.R., J. Siegler, And A. Midgley. (2008) Ergogenic Effects Of Sodium Bicarbonate. Curr. Sports Med. Rep., 7 (4) 230-236, Monedero, J. Donne, B. (2000). Effect of recovery interventions on lactate removal and subsequent performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 21, 593- 597 Montgomery, D.L, and Beaudin, P.A. (1982). Blood lactate and heart rate response of young females during gymnastic routines.J. Sports Med.22, 358-365. Pilegaard, H., Domino, K., Noland, T., Juel, C., Hellsten, Y., Halestrap, A. Bangsbo, J. (1999). Effect of high-intensity exercise training or lactate/H+ transport capacity in human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology, 276(2), Raymer, G.H., Marsh, J.M. Kowalchuk, and. Thompson, R.T (2004) Metabolic effects of induced alkalosis during progressive forearm exercise to fatigue. J. Appl. Physiol. 96:2050-2056 Renfree 2009 (The effect of NaHCO3ingestion on power output during exercise at a constant level of perceived exertion) Proceedings of the Ecss conference 2009 Robergs, R.A, Ghiasvand. F, and Parker. D (2004) Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: 502-516 Robergs. R,Ghiasvand. F andParker. R (2004) Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: 502-516 Robertson R.J., J.E.Falkel, A.L.Drash, A.M.Swank, K.F.Metz, S.A.Spungen, AND J.R.LeBoeuf (1986) Effect of blood pH on peripheral and central signals of perceived exertion.Med.Sci.Sp.Ex.18(1)114-122 Rupp J.C., Bartels. R.L, Zuelzer. W, Fox. E.L and Clark. R.N (1983) Effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on blood and muscle pH and exercise performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 15, 115. Soladoye, A.O, Rankin. A.J, Hainsworth. R (1985)Influence Of Carbon Dioxide Tension In The Cephalic Circulation On Hind-Limb Vascular Resistance In Anaesthetized Dogs. Experimental Physiology,70,527-538. Stringer W, Casaburi R, and Wasserman K. (1992) Acid-base regulation during exercise and recovery in humans. J Appl Physiol 72: 954-961, Sutton, J.R., Jones, N.L., Toews, C.J. (1981). Effect of pH on muscle glycolysis during exercise. Clinical Science, 61, 331-338. West, J. B. (1995).Respiratory Physiology: the essentials, (5)1-10 Wilkes, D., Gledhill, N., Smyth, R. (1983). Effect of acute induced metabolic alkalosis on 800-m racing time, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 15, 277-280. Williams, M.H. (1992). Bicarbonate loading, Gatorade Sports Science Exchange, 4(36). Worthley LI.(1977) Hydrogen ion metabolism.Anaesth Intensive Care PubMed 5(4) 347-407 Zajac. A, Cholewa. J, Poprzecki. S, Waskiewicz. Z and Langfort. J. (2009) Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on swim performance in youth athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8, 45-50

Hijacking the Web :: Browser Hijacking Internet Technology Essays

Hijacking the Web There are certain things we take for granted. The sun will rise in the morning. I will go to class from 8 to 9:30 in the morning. My cat will greet me at the door when I get home. I will start up Internet Explorer, and Yahoo.com will appear as my homepage. All of those events happened last Tuesday except for one. As a frequent user of the Internet, I like specific settings for the programs I use. I have personal preferences set for AOL Instant Messenger, Outlook Express, and especially for Microsoft Internet Explorer. As sad as it may be, I have a routine when I get home from class. The first thing I do is check my email. Then I browse the news on Yahoo.com. I like to know what is going on in the world, and Yahoo News provides that information. However, last Tuesday when I started up Internet Explorer, Yahoo.com did not appear as my homepage. Instead, I was taken to an alternate search engine, one I had never heard of. Since I am so particular in my Internet settings, I knew for a fa ct that it was not I who had changed my start up page. Author Mike Healan and many others describe this practice as hijacking. â€Å"There is a despicable trend that is becoming more and more common where the browser settings of web surfers are being forcibly hijacked by malicious web sites and software that. . . modifies your default start and search pages† (Healan). Naturally, I went to the options menu and changed the home page back to Yahoo.com. Thinking far too highly of my computer savvy skills, I thought I had fixed the problem. Wednesday afternoon rolled around, and I proceeded with the usual routine: sun, class, cat, Internet, etc. At my computer, I started up Internet Explorer expecting to see the all-to-familiar Yahoo website on my screen. To my shock and horror, the anomalous search engine popped up in Yahoo’s place. I will spare the reader from repeating the long string of colorful metaphors that I used in reaction to seeing this. Nevertheless, I knew that I would have to resort to more drastic actions. In my Writing for the Web course, the topic of spyware was discussed at length. One student recommended a piece of freeware that prevented malicious programs from changing settings and sending unwanted information to various shady businessmen.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - The Individual and Society Essay

Frankenstein: The Individual and Society      Ã‚  Ã‚   The creature's ambiguous humanity has long puzzled readers of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. In this essay I will focus on how Frankenstein can be used to explore two philosophical topics, social contract theory, and gender roles, in light of ideas from Shelley's two philosophical parents, William Godwin, and Mary Wollstonecraft.    What Does it Mean to be Human? Individual and Society    One historically important tradition in social and political philosophy is called "Social Contract Theory." It gives a way of thinking about what it means to be human, raising fundamental questions such as: what is human nature, in itself, apart from society? Are people fundamentally equal, and if so, why, in what ways? What justifies governmental authority? In what sense are people free and independent if their lives are ruled by laws and governmental authorities?    Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), and John Locke (1632-1704), were English philosophers who approached these questions by hypothesizing a "state of nature." Try to imagine what a person would be like if he or she lived outside of any governed society. Hobbes thought that people would be isolated, desperately afraid of harm from others. Life would be, in Hobbes' memorable phrase, "poore, solitary, nasty, brutish and short." Locke wasn't quite so pessimistic. He thought that in the state of nature, people would be fairly sociable, and would establish private property and trade. Both Hobbes and Locke thought that insecurity in the state of nature would lead people to join together and give to a governmental authority the right to make laws and punish offenders. Hence, for them, government is based on a "social contrac... ...manly virtues are, in fact, weaknesses. Wollstonecraft insists, "The most perfect education, in my opinion, is such an exercise of the understanding as is best calculated to strengthen the body and form the heart....It is a farce to call any being virtuous whose virtues do not result from the exercise of its own reason" (103). When women are socialized to be feminine, when their reasoning powers are not developed, and when they have no option but to be economically dependent on men, their characters will become perverted, and they will become servile or manipulative.    Works Cited: Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Emile. 1762. translated by William Boyd, New York: Columbia University, 1956. Shelley, Mary. 1818. Frankenstein. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1996. Wollstonecraft, Mary. 1792. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. New York: Penguin Books, 1992.

Improving Writing Needs Essay

Similarly, there had been many studies that seek to show on how to improve the overall capabilities of individual writing particularly among international students. One example is the contribution of Petersen wherein she addressed the needs of international students as far as writing is concerned. She made emphasis on the idea of reaching out and helping international students cope with the challenges of writing. â€Å"If all of us give common messages to international students, making our expectations explicit, we may be able to help them reach higher levels of proficiency in American academic English sooner. † (Petersen, 2008) One of the challenges presented by Petersen as far as student writing is concerned involves international students’ difficulty in coping with timed writing assignments and essays. â€Å"As the complexity of the thinking involved in the task increases and the processing time decreases, grammatical and syntactical forms the student can normally control tend to break down. † (Petersen, 2008) Due to this, the teacher must create effective strategies to enhance writing but at the same time maintaining the challenge of time constraints in the activity. This is just one of the problems elaborated by Petersen in her article. By being constantly aware of these challenges and anticipating the occurrence of the problem, teachers and educators can have an active and firm stand in increasing the competency of international students in the realm of writing. Enhancing Reading Skills Another important facet in the facilitation of education is reading. For students to fully acquire and develop the skills that are given to them in the classroom, effective reading must be made. However, this may seem to be a problem of international students as the pace and degree of learning is halted or slowed due to several constraints. Due to this, teachers must create active scenarios that will enhance student reading capabilities particularly among international students. The study of Brassell and Furtado examines the way vocabulary can serve as a hindrance in the development of better reading for non-English students. These barriers can serve as an impediment for learning and enhancement of information. â€Å"Many barriers prevent English as Second Language learner from grasping new vocabulary, but one of the biggest challenge is the minimal time teachers devote to vocabulary instruction. † (Brassell and Furtado, 2008, p. 110) Several facets of the English language remain to be difficult for international students to understand. By actually helping international students become aware of these and minimizing such occurrence inside the classroom, they can be able to adopt, enhance and develop their reading skills which are necessary in their education. â€Å"Beyond providing students with lots of interesting books, teachers should facilitate a variety of vocabulary activities for their students. † (Brassell and Furtado, 2008, p. 115) Conclusion With these, personal involvement may be a good approach in further enhancing the realm of developing reading and writing skills. International students deserve extra care and attention for they are still adjusting to the current trends of the educational environment. â€Å"Student perceived issues do not always match educator-perceived issues; nevertheless, eliciting information from the students allows them to become part of the solution. † (Lee, 1997, p. 100) It is therefore necessary for every teacher and educational institution to create efficient and effective scenarios that will cater to the needs of international students. By doing these things, the welfare of international students are taken into consideration. Different methods and schemes may have been in place, the action now goes back to educational institutions and teachers to actively take part in the process of developing skills needed by students to actively combat the challenges brought about by society. References Arkoudis, S.(2006) Teaching International Students: Strategies to Enhance Learning in Centre for the Study of Higher Education. [online] Retrieved May 12, 2008 from http://www. cshe. unimelb. edu. au/pdfs/international. pdf Brassell, D. and Furtado, L. (2008) Enhancing English as a Second Language Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge in The Reading Matrix. 8 no. 1 [online] Retrieved May 12, 2008 from http://www. readingmatrix. com/articles/brassell_furtado/article. pdf Koffolt, K. and Holt, S. L. (1997) Using the â€Å"Writing Process† with Non-Native Users of English in New Directions for Teaching and Learning. no. 70 Retrieved May 12, 2008. pp. 53-61 Lee, D. S. (1997) What Teachers Can Do to Relieve Problems Identified by International Students in New Directions for Teaching and Learning. no. 70. Retrieved May 12, 2008. pp. 93-102. Nelson, G. L. (1997) How Cultural Differences Affect Written and Oral Communication: The Case of Peer Response Groups in New Directions for Teaching and Learning. no. 70. Retrieved May 12, 2008. pp. 77-85 Petersen, L. (2008) Writing Needs of International Students. Retrieved May 12, 2008 from http://www. cgu. edu/pages/949. asp

Implement Person-Centred Approaches in Health and Social Care Essay

1. Understand person-centred approaches for care and support. 1.1 Define person-centred values. The underlying purpose of â€Å"Person-centred values† is to ensure that the individual needing care is placed at the very centre of the decision making process about their life, the services and support they want and need. 1.2 Explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person-centred values. Under this strict system of person-centred values, the person is always placed at the very centre of the planning of the care programme required, in that they will always be consulted and that their views will always come first. Therefore the plan is tailor-made to that particular person, and it should include all aspects of care, from the Social and Health Services, from that individual’s family and from the voluntary sector. This is the current policy and it applies to those people with learning disabilities, mental health problems, and physical disabilities, to older people who need support, and to young people making their transition to adulthood. To place the person at the centre, certain values must be upheld; Individuality – everyone’s differences must be recognised and respected. Choice – for individuals to be able to make own choices and be in control of own life. Privacy – information and activities must be kept confidential. Independence – empowering individuals to do activities for themselves and Dignity – to be treated in a respectful way. It is vital for the social care worker to work using these precise methods to establish the needs and wishes of the individual. This will also mean that individuals will feel empowered and in control of their lives, be more confident about making decisions and will feel valued and respected. 1.3 Explain why risk-taking can be part of a person centred approach. The person-centred approach to risk includes making an assessment with the people involved in the plan such as the individual, their relatives and other professionals. Risk taking is part of a person-centred approach as this empowers individuals to have choices about what they want to do in their lives as well as to be part of their community. Not allowing individuals to take risks can have a negative impact on an individual’s life to not live it as they wish. 1.4 Explain how using an individuals care plan contributes to working in a person-centred way. To be person-centred the person must always be at the centre of their care plan. This means that individuals must always be consulted and their views must always come first. Therefore, no two care plans are alike because each individual is different from another. Each individual should be involved at every stage of their care plan, from deciding who to involve, how to meet the individual’s needs, the support required and how to feedback on how the care plan is working. 2. Be able to work in a person-centred way. 2.1 Find out the history, preferences, wishes and needs of the individual. 2.2 Apply person-centred values in day to day work, taking into account the history, preferences, wishes and needs of the individual. The learner went into the office to read the care plan, risk assessment and the communication preferences for the service user they were going to support. They closed the office door behind them and also checked the information about the signs the service user uses with their senior in private in the office, who showed them the current signs and their meanings for this service user as well as the signs they will tend to use whilst being hoisted. They then explained that they could not verbally communicate and that it was important that their permission was given before they started to hoist. Everyone has different ways of communicating, so it is important that they observe the service user and understands the signals they give. The learner knelt down beside the service user, gently spoke to him, maintaining eye contact with  him and explained that th ey were going to hoist him into his wheelchair and take him to his bedroom. Asked him this in his room, the door was closed and the TV was switched off. The learner took their time, showing excellent communication skills, and although the client could not verbally agree he indicated that he was ready and willing by nodding his head. The learner nodded her head in agreement and observed the service user do the same again in confirmation. M said that if there was a conflict she would have asked her manager to assist. She added the important thing was for her client not to be put at any risk, and for his independence to be maintained by encouragement and to conform to the care plan, a conflict could put the client at risk†¦ The immediate area was cleared of trailing covers to give adequate space. M followed the care plan and made sure the chair and hoist were in the correct position, with the brakes on, then using the correct method the sling was put into place and a cushion was placed under the service user’s feet to stop any discomfort. M spoke to him the whole time, reassuring and confirming he was comfortable and that he understood what was happening. She used a mix of verbal communication including clear and short words, spoken in a gentle and calm tone and signing which the service user was comfortable with†¦M observed his signs checking that he was in agreement with everything that was happening, he confirmed he was. M recorded in the care plan in a confidential manner at the end of the routine, in the office in private, the time and when the client was due to be next moved and detailed the support provided as well as the communication methods used with the service user The next thing M talked through with her manager was a person centred planning meeting that M had attended to review a service user that had been coming downstairs at night and eating other service users’ food. They agreed that the meeting had been very worthwhile as the care manager had been present and they agreed the service user had been frustrated due to his communication problems and so it was difficult for staff to know what he wanted. Now that this service user was purchasing his own food and had consented to this and was eating this in his room this had made a lot of difference said M. They talked about how a meeting with the psychiatrist was refused by the service user, but how staff feel that his behaviour is getting a lot better and all the team will continue to monitor this. M said that she had been working with this service user this  morning and that he had been shouting but how she now feels that by giving him more time and talking through what he would like to do daily has helped him to control his behaviour†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 3. Be able to establish consent when providing care or support. 3.1 Explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support. It is always very important to establish the consent of the individual when providing any care or support programme or procedure. This is essential so as to include that individual with any decision-making, in order to ensure that they do not feel left out or ignored. In this way they can understand and agree to that element of their care or support. I would discuss the problem that consent cannot be established, with the supervisor or manager of the home, and, if necessary, the individual’s doctor and advocate. I would also make a record of this, which I would sign and date. 3.2 Establish consent for an activity or action. 3.3 Explain what steps to take if consent cannot readily be established. 4. Be able to encourage active participation. 4.1 Describe how active participation benefits an individual. Active participation benefits the individual because that person is always made to feel that they are continually important, and that things are done for their benefit, with their consent. This ensures a positive approach for the individual that makes them an active part of how they choose to live and puts them first as the focus. 4.2 Identify possible barriers to active participation. Barriers can take several forms; the emotions, the disabilities, and the attitudes of the individual concerned. Any or all of which can deter active participation by that individual in any activity or action. Similarly barriers exist if social care workers’ attitudes and approaches do not value active participation, strict routines and lack of training on using the  active participation approach can also be barriers. 4.3 Demonstrate ways to reduce the barriers and encourage active participation. Observed in shown work. 5. Be able to support the individual’s right to make choices. 5.1 Support an individual to make informed choices. 5.2 Use agreed risk-assessment processes to support the right to make choices. 5.3 Explain why a worker’s personal views should not influence an individual’s choices. The care worker’s personal views may simply rule things out for the individual being cared for, because the worker might take a subjective position rather than looking to find creative solutions for that individual. Such a stance could prevent the individual from making informed choices about their care. Therefore, personal views should never influence the choices of any individual this also goes against their rights and can make an individual feel pressurised to agree. 5.4 Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that are made by others. When others make decisions for the individual, the care worker should talk to the individual to ask that person whether they understand what has been decided for them. Once the individual understands those decisions, they should be encouraged to state whether they agree with them. If not, then that individual should be enabled to question and challenge them either themselves, through the social care worker or an advocate. 6. Be able to promote individuals wellbeing. 6.1 Explain how individual identify and self-esteem are linked with wellbeing. Maintaining an individual’s identity is done by always recognising that person as a human being, not a number. Identity is who the person is. Ensuring that the individual is important and that their views  and concerns are always dealt with in a positive and caring manner will always ensure that person is valued and has a high self-esteem. All this will contribute to their sense of well-being. 6.2 Describe attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s wellbeing. By always ensuring that the individual is treated in a professional, kind, caring and courteous way, their sense of well-being is always assured. Care workers can also make sure that they use a number of different approaches; empowering approaches that enable the individual to take control, a positive approach that encourages the individual to feel good. Working in a trusting and professional way enables a good relationship to build between the care worker and individual and promoting a sense of well-being. 6.3 Support an individual in a way that promotes a sense of identity and self-esteem. 6.4 Demonstrate ways to contribute to an environment that promotes well-being. Observed in shown work.

How is Elizabeth Bennet Presented & How Does she Change in the Novel ? Essay

Elizabeth Bennet is second eldest daughter of the Bennet sisters. Although the novel doesn’t have a specific narrator she is used more than any other character as a centre of consciousness, meaning she is the main focus of the reader’s interest. In the novel she is a heroine, however she does make a few mistakes and doesn’t have the characteristics of one. We can tell from how Mr. Bennet’s speaks of Lizzy that she is his favourite daughter, â€Å"I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy† and when Mrs. Bennet says he will not do such a thing, that she is less good looking than Jane and not half as good-humoured as Lydia, he replies â€Å"They have none of them much to recommend them†¦ they are all silly and ignorant, like other girls; but Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters.† She has many witty and tantalizing conversations, where she likes to drop in her strong and independent views. When Jane is ill at Netherfield, Lizzy goes to visit her, with Jane in bed, Mr. Darcy, Mr. Bingley, Lizzy and the Bingley sisters are talking, Darcy and Bingley listing what makes up an ‘accomplished woman’ Elizabeth declares that she â€Å"never saw such capacity, and taste, and application, and elegance, as you describe, united,† implying that Darcy is far too demanding. Most of the interactions between Darcy and Elizabeth take the forms of banter or agrument, with Lizzy’s words making Darcy’s admiration towards her stronger, once he moves past his initial prejudice. She is a very playful and spirited women who enjoys to laugh at people, including herself. We are told after Darcy refuses to dance with her that, â€Å"she told the story with great spirit among her friends; for she had a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous.† As I said before this is the humour that attracts Darcy. It is not only her wit that Darcy admires, for when she remarks â€Å"Mr. Darcy is all politeness† as a way of avoiding to dance with him, we can she is also hitting back at his rudeness with this sarcastic comment. Elizabeth is one of the most active and strong characters in the novel. â€Å"Elizabeth continued her walk alone †¦ springing over puddles with impatient activity and finding herself at last within view of the house, with weary ankles, dirty stockings and a face glowing with the warmth of exercise.† She walks into the huge house of Netherfield not worrying about what she looks like or what others think of her. Miss Bingley is shocked at her dirty petticoat whereas Mr. Darcy and Mr. Bingley find this vigour attractive. Chapter 36 is an essential passage as it marks the turnaround in Elizabeth’s opinion. From Elizabeth’s first aquaintance with Darcy she thought him to be a proud and disagreeable, especially when he repiled to Bingley’s comment of how Elizabeth is just as pretty as Jane with â€Å"She (Lizzy) is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me†. She could never figure out why he was such good friends with Bingley as theyare the complete opersite. Although, Darcy’s ignorance and pride doesn’t change Lizzy eventually comes to see his kindness and his nobility through his actions towards his sister, towards her sisters (Jane and Lydia) as well as the way he comes to not only love her, but to respect her and see her as an equal as well. This is helped majorly by the letter she re-reads a few times until she fully understands what she thought she had sussed out, realizing that she has much less able to understand the natures of people around her than she thought, especially being prejudice towards Darcy and in favor of Wickham. As well as misreading Darcy and Wickham she also recognizes that when Darcy described her family, she at first thought it as rude but then remembers how embarressed she was by her mother, Mrs. Bennet boasting so incredible loud about Mr. Bingley and Jane that Mr. Darcy could over hear and with her sister playing too long on the piano. She understands how wrong she has been and is very humiliated, â€Å"She grew absolutely ashamed of herself †¦ How despicably have I acted †¦ till this moment I never knew my self’’

O’Grady Apparel Company Essay

Analyzing Risk and Return on Chargers Products’ Investments Junior Sayou, a financial analyst for Chargers Products, a manufacturer of stadium benches, must evaluate the risk and return of two assets, X and Y. The firm is considering addng these assets to its diversified asset portfolio. To assess the return and risk of each asset, Junior gathered data on the annual cash flow and beginning-and end-of-year values of each asset over the immediately preceding 10 years, 1997-2006. These data are summarized in the table below. Junior’s investigation suggests that both assets, on average, will tend to perform in the future just as they have during the past 10 years. He therefore believes that the expected annual return can be estimated by finding the average annual return for each asset over the past 10 years. Junior believes that each asset’s risk can be assessed in two ways: in isolation and as part of the firm’s diversified portfolio of assets. The risk of the assets in isolation can be found by using the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of returns over the past 10 years. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) can be used to assess the asset’s risk as part of the firm’s portfolio of assets. Applying some sophisticated quantitative techniques, Junior estimated betas for assets X and Y of 1.60 and 1.10, respectively. In addition, he found that the risk-free rate is currently 7% and that the market return is 10%.

Being Alone

Accountant†¦no amount of money can be compared for the happiness I brought to my family including my clan in both side of my parents. I’ve realized that being a rat of this year refers to my personality, the mouse must need to run for the purpose of saving his life while the cat run for his need so he must eat the mouse†¦isn’t it true? The point is why I would rather waste my life for no reason, I could stand up on my own without relying from the source of others†¦I need to sacrifice the alf of me just to prove I’m still not withdrawing what I’ve been promised before†¦ The half of the year finally came and LandBank hired me as a Bookkeeper†¦the chance for regularization is not possible but still, the status can’t predict for many reasons and considerations. My life became better for I found more friends, I have part-time job with my landlady who is an Independent Auditor, also a CPA, I became busy with my job and attending every Sunday on Victory†¦ maybe one way to forget all the heartaches and it lessens whatever stress I have. The blessings I received for the 2008, the bonus I get from my work, in a little way I hope my family appreciate what I’ve been shared with them, I’m thankful for those people who made my year very fruitful. God continuously give all we need so we must keep Lord in our Heart and always share His glory†¦. the very reason why unexpected things happen, whether it is good or bad.. is the love of God for us. For me, the time is not enough to return all the sacrifices He made for us so never surrender our trust and faith to Him while we use the life we borrow from Him, enjoy and be patient in everything we do. What had been promise will be done through Jesus Christ in a right time. Yes, the year is now 2009, 2008 still had an impact with my life, will always be a part of my memory. I’m ready to finish the pain and face the new set of challenges!!! yehey!!!! What more important is to accept our mistake and how you’ll make it right .. saying sorry to someone will the best way to free yourself. .

The Antitrust Battle Ahead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Antitrust Battle Ahead - Essay Example It may so happen that the merged organizations gains at the expense of the consumer. This is where the government chips in, through its antitrust regulations. The government reserves the right, and rightly so, to intervene and block any merger deal which it feels would reduce competition in the industry and thereby adversely affect the consumers, either by way of high prices or by way of low quality. In some cases, these mergers may lead to less innovation thus indirectly putting consumers at a loss. Section 7 of the Clayton Act disallows mergers and acquisitions when such transactions may significantly lower competition, or may create a monopoly, or may lead to formation of cartels (Federal Trade Commission 2011). Simply put, the purpose of antitrust legislations is to enforce laws that promote competitive markets. These laws thus ensure efficient allocation of resources in a free market and prevent market failures. The focal point of antitrust economics is competition (Scheffman 2002). It is competition that is at the heart of many important business decisions and to a large extent determines the firms pricing strategies and tactics. The Federal Trade Commission’s Bureau of Competition, along with the Bureau of Economics is entrusted with the enforcement of such antitrust laws in the United States. The FTC and Department of Justice review scores of merger filings every year of which 95 percent have no competitive issues (Federal Trade Commission 2011). The first category consists of merger proposals wherein the competitive concerns can be resolved by mutual consent of the parties concerned. The revised merger proposal, so arrived after negotiations, retains the beneficial aspects of the deal and discards the threat. The federal regulators negotiated a settlement in the proposed merger deal of Comcast and NBC Universal. As a part of the revised deal, Comcast agreed to give up

Chinese Female Customers Attitudes by Shopping Online Research Paper

Chinese Female Customers Attitudes by Shopping Online - Research Paper Example The Internet is rapidly becoming commercialized. It is swamped with online shopping and â€Å"shopping malls†. Customers can browse on their favorite online store viewing products (like 360buy) and food items (like Taobao). People describe it as â€Å"impossible is our thinking, but not what we can buy.† Electronic-commerce began in 1984 in North America when it was introduced as an application of Internet technology. The rapid growth of e-commerce proved immensely successful in the business world. China was a little late in entering the e-commerce business but after its arrival, it has shown tremendous growth potential in all of the Internet-related industries. Many people consider the term commerce as something that describes transactions between business partners. To many, this concept is very narrow. They preferred using the term e-business. E-business is a broader definition of e-commerce as it includes the service industry along with the retail business. It also r epresents collaboration with business partners and electronic transactions in an organization. Electronic business is a relatively new field on the Internet but since its inception, the growth has been remarkable. Experts believe that international e-commerce will be leading the economy in the coming years. The global economy has changed after the introduction of digital technology. Many business terms have been redefined to better suit the needs of the economy. For instance value creation now does not rely on physical goods anymore. It focuses on services, intelligence, and information as the chief sources for creating value for the customers. The researchers have identified certain stages or attributes in e-commerce. Exchanging digital information between parties is the primary stage.   

Rhetorical analysis of Mary Ewalds letter to President Saddam Hussein Essay

Rhetorical analysis of Mary Ewalds letter to President Saddam Hussein - Essay Example Mary’s approached Saddam in her letter as a mother, scholar and poet who is a friend to the Arabs. If one will notice, there were no blaming or questioning made why Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait or any venting of any anger why Thomas was abducted. But rather made the appeal on an emotional level to avoid antagonizing Saddam that would hinder the release of Thomas Ewald. The approach as a mother and a friend of the Arabs makes a good case to pursue an emotional appeal or pathos to convince the Iraqi President to release Thomas Ewald. And to make her persuasion more effective, Mary first established her credential or ethos as somebody who is well verse and a friend to the Arab by mentioning that her â€Å"family has been a staunch friend to the Arabs. [Her] husband, Tom's father, was on the White House Staff when President Eisenhower caused the French, British, and Israelis to pull out of Suez. President of the Radcliffe (Harvard) Club of Washington, arranged to explain Muslim culture. [She was] also a poet who has written about Arabia†. This use of ethos was written with an understanding of Arab culture, particularly of Arab generosity to recognize the power of Saddam over his son and to exercise that power to right the wrong. This portion of the letter was also short of saying that Saddam’s army abducted a friend of the Arabs and therefore should be released. After establishing ethos or credibility with Saddam as a friend of the Arabs who knows their generosity, she then proceeded with her emotional appeal whose use became more effective. The pathos or emotional appeal littered the letter and was very obvious in the mention that Thomas Ewald is a well-loved son who worked in Arab country to bring peace within the two cultures. She also invoked mercy that her son Thomas is asthmatic, so severely crippled as a child that they thought they could never raise him. Using this approach, it would be very difficult to refuse her because everybody regardless of their cultural background or station in life everyone received love and care from their mother and refusing her is like refusing one’s mother which is very difficult to do. This letter was just heart wrenching for its audience to read which in this case was the former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein because she introduced herself as a friend and that her son, supposed to be friend too among Arabs who value family relations so much, was wrongly abducted during the invasion. She then begged for his generosity and in the name of Allah to release her son. It would be very hard to refuse a mother who does not coerce what he has done nor asked for anything except for the release of her son especially when she recognize and beseeched in the name of Allah. She was also appealing based on the universal sense of humanity as a mother to a father when she stressed that she is

Disaster Recovery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Disaster Recovery - Assignment Example The malware was discovered by Kaspersky lab technicians and who unearthed the stream of bank robberies through hacking that have been going on (Sanger & Perlroth, 2015). This banking disaster in several banks online is an indication of the lack of a disaster recovery plan in place and especially the one which acts as a preventive plan. If any of the hacked banks had enacted a preventive disaster recovery plan in place, this incidence would not have affected them. It would also have been detected earlier than it was and much of the already lost money would have been prevented. A disaster recovery prevention plan ensures that any attempt at hacking of the banking systems let alone hacking for a period of two to four months to simply get feedback through video feeds from employees’ computers would have been detected and prevented or dealt with (Whitman & Mattord 148). There is dire need to correct this is the banks hope to beat this gang as well as prevent such future incidences. Sanger, David & Nicole Perlroth. Bank Hackers Steal Millions via Malware. The New York Times, February 14th 2015. Retrieved from

Compairing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compairing - Essay Example Let’s have a review of Ford Fiesta, a small car whose recommended price in Great Britain Pound (GBP) including taxes was 14,102 while excluding taxes it was 12,001. Prices shown herein are based on recommended retail price adjusted for equipment difference effective on Jan 1, 2010. Ford Focus, a Medium segment car, carried a recommended price including taxes, which was 20,247 while excluding taxes it was 17,231. Ford Mondeo’s recommended price inclusive of taxes was 24,309 while excluding taxes it was 20,688 GBP (European Commission, 2010). These car prices have been provided by the car manufacturers themselves through their associations (ACEA) and (JAMA). It should be noted that actual car prices may not be the same as recommended prices, as it depends on dealers to offer reduced prices and extra monetary benefits to their customers seeing the market trends (European Commission, 2010). Considering the Eurostat figures indicating reduced effect of inflation on car market in comparison to other products, the year-on-year change in actual car prices from January 2009 to January 2010 for the United Kingdom in % was 11.2 in nominal car price and 7.7 in actual car price (European Commission, 2010). In Small segment area A & B, Ford Fiesta has been one of the best selling cars whose prices for the three consecutive years from 2008 to 2010 are given below in percentages of prices in euro before taxes (European Commission, 2010). Incidentally, it would be interesting to compare in small segment the price behavior of Ford Fiesta with other cars like Peugeot 206/207, Renault Clio, Fiat Grande Punto/Punto and VW Polo. In 1/01/2008, Peugeot 206/207 price difference was 32.6%, which showed only a little increase of 32.7% in 1/01/2009 while in the next year i.e. 1/01/2010, Peugeot price difference was 39.7%. As we note down from the table 1, coming down from Peugeot, to Renault Clio, to Fiat Grande Punto to VW Polo to Ford Fiesta, all

Module VI- Ethics of the Professional Educator Essay

Module VI- Ethics of the Professional Educator - Essay Example It is misleading, for example, the role of homework to the student, he is against it. How will the teacher know that what he has taught the students is well understood? It is only through the homework that the students and teachers will know the level of understanding and put effort into areas of weaknesses before primary exams. Kohn argues that appreciating the child’s work, for example, saying ‘good job’ is a way of evaluating bad job (Kohn, 2001). It might be accepted in some cases, but in educational purposes and as a way of motivation, it encourages the child to keep on with the good job always. In any profession, ethics is the most important thing to be maintained in order to enhance good relationship between professionals and other people that interact with organizations and societies hence good output/results in the line of profession. For educators, they are guided by different principles and standards in respect to the diverse and distinctive features. Teachers are professionally trained individuals with knowledge of ethical issues (Mostert 1998, p.18). For example, most teachers have failed to realize that failing to maintain competence is a way of reducing ethical standards among themselves. Competence is maintained by a professional interaction that helps in building of an important inter-collaborative professional relationship. It helps teachers to consult one another before the decision is made. Maintaining high expectation is essential for teachers in ethical judgment and decision-making (Mostert, 17). Teachers are also expected to support the application of posi tive behavior supports and be conventional to confined policies that relate to the use of disciplinary methods and behavior change process. In most cases, teachers thought that they are the ethical decision makers when it comes to such issues by overlooking what is expected from them; it is an ethical requirement for teachers to use the application of positive behavior

Take a stand for or against the proposition Jakob Nielsen should be Essay

Take a stand for or against the proposition Jakob Nielsen should be empowered to set mandatory usability standards for Internet web pages - Essay Example According to Nielson’s web site user interface usability is higher for intranets than for the internet. The reason for this lies in the intranets usability design and in the fact that an intranet is controlled and a user won’t find themselves at a dead link, or fraudulent site (as can happen on the internet). According to Nielson’s website (useit.com) the internet â€Å"is the interface to a vast amount of information, and so the emphasis must be on usability†. According to Frank Spiller (Spiller, 2004) Jakob Nielson â€Å"promotes best practices, he preaches obedience to his guidelines and when he postulates opinions they are interpreted as instructions". Spiller argues that Nielson may be interpreted wrongly and when translated, from the Danish, meanings get lost or misunderstood. The translations do sound a bit egocentric as Nielson declares that: "In the future, first of all, websites will be designed by my guidelines†. It is here that the argument moves away from usability into the realm of personality and professional ethics problems (Spiller, 2004). Nielson comes across as flamboyant and arrogant. He often cites his work a â€Å"we† but doesn’t mention the others he is working with. His professional ethics have been questioned on some occasions. For example, he charges 35,000 for a half day consulting appearance while claiming that usability is the least expensive way to go (Spiller, 2004). There are many arguments against usability as introduced by Jakob Nielson that include: Who will pilot a new usability program? Who will mandate the standards and ensure compliance? What will happen to those who choose not to follow Nielson’s standards? Will their websites be denied web access? Will those trying to access denied sites be redirected to another web address? Any mandated plan will need to be well thought out. Perhaps Nielson needs to visit the

Media in Goa Essay Example for Free

Media in Goa Essay I can proudly say that I was the first television journalist to start work from Goa, till then Channels from Mumbai Delhi only sent their camera team and reporters for any major news event happening here. A decade later today its great that we have a number of local television channels and a 12 hour news channel as well. In that regard Goa Newsline was our first major step towards setting up of this industry in Goa. After 2 years of Newsline a number of other channels had jumped into the news making fray and the rest as you all know is there for all of us to see. I completed my Masters Degree in Communication studies from the Department of Communcation Studies University of Pune as there was no Journalism related course in Goa then. After that I interned with Zee News Noida and underwent practical training in Electronic News Media . Thereafter I joined Asian News International (ANI) and joined them as a Correspondent Camera-person for the state of Goa. Thereafter I joined Aaj Tak and worked for them as their Goa Correspondent, My father Mr. Waman Prabhu is also a journalist and was in the print media. As the electronic media fever caught up he joined Zee News as Goa Correspondent and together we covered Goa in all its splendour for these national channels. In this entire process there was a feeling that Goa was not being given due coverage on National TV and all the snippets that were shown of Goan Festivals and Events were not doing justice to the actual event. There was so much that was happening in Goa yet the national channels were just not interested. All that mattered to them was the Goan Carnival Christmas and New Year in Goa. And we all know that there’s so much more that the rest of the country needs to know about Goa. That was the time when the thought of a Goa News Channel crossed our minds and we both along with my younger brother Pravesh went ahead with a Goa News Channel. It was a tough exercise. Covering Goa for national channels was completely different.. for a local news channel the same had to be done in a local perspective. We started with a half an hour news bulletin which covered all aspects of the state the political,social,religious and sports aspect of Goa. It was Feb 2002 Goa Newsline was a valentine gift to the people of Goa. Because till then they could only rely on the erratic Doordarshan round up of events which happened every week. When we started Newsline we opted for Konkani as our news language because it was a language tht could connect us to the people of Goa. It was sheer hard work because our effort was to deliver todays news today-all over Goa. We wanted the people could watch the news at home before they read it on the papers the next day,that was the USP of our news. We dealt with time constraints as there was no highend editing software at that time with us. But yet we managed fine all the morning/ afternoon events were incorporated in our news bulletin. Yet another hurdle that we faced was initially people were reluctant to air their views on Camera, the concept looked good on national tv but it was difficult to accept it initially. Politicians too hesitated over how and what they spoke on local tv but gradually the transformation took place And once the news began there was a flood of appreciation that motivated us to perform better. We had no high end machinery and no spacious studio. Yet we had to deliver CD’s to over 23-24 locations everyday at a given time and the manpower—just the three of us. My father wrote the newsscript, Pravesh did the shoot and edit on camera and I read the news and pitched in for the filming of events as well. It was an effort that met with a lot of praise and also its share of criticism. I am glad that happened then as we complete ten years of Newsline this February. Goa Newsline was what everybody living here needed because audio visual media has its own power –the power of delivering an event happening in some place of Goa that you can relate to right in your home. It was a novelty in the beginning and we had endless lists of people who wanted us to cover their events -some interesting some trivial. It wont be wrong to state that Goa Newsline started the chapter of Electronic TV Journalsim in Goa and that it continues to have a loyal viewership in this day and age of Direct Transmission to Homes like Dish TV etc. It’s a challenge now to maintain the erratic cable connections when you have a no hassle set top box installed on your tv providing you crystal clear transmission but people here have still maintained their cable connectitons nly to watch the news programmes that are aired on these cable channels. So in a way it is also right that the cable industry in Goa is surviving on the hefty fees that these channels pay them and the connections which have not yet been replaced by Dish TV for the sake of Goan News updates. I feel the cable network industry should in turn protect the interest of the news channels in order to strengthen the chances of their survival.

The Roles And Responsibilities Of The Design Team Construction Essay

The Roles And Responsibilities Of The Design Team Construction Essay Interior Designer Interior designers are sometimes used on contracts where the internal finish and dà ©cor is important or of a prestigious nature. Some high-profile house building projects or city-centre apartment conversions have been developers in conjunction with interior designers who can add considerable value to a project. Quantity Surveyor Quantity surveyors accurately determine the amount of materials needed to build the project. They prepare a bill of quantities establishing a record of all the materials needed and identify all the information necessary to draft out a specification of the works. The quantity surveyor can then advise and guide the architect or the client on the cost of the job, check tenders and evaluate any costs as work proceeds. Landscape Architect The landscape architect is sometimes contracted to design the external environment of the project. As with interior design, the landscape can be enhanced by a specialist to improve the completed project. Resident Engineer Resident Engineers are based close to the construction works, on the construction site itself. They report back to the structural engineer and the architect on the matters relating to the structure and the load-bearing components that have been designed by the structural engineer. Structural Engineer Structural Engineers determine the design of loadbearing elements of the building and ensure that each component is designed to safely withstand the loads that are imposed on the building. Structural engineers typically work for the client but are frequently engaged by the architect to inform and supervise the design and installation of structural elements as work proceeds. They work very closely with the architectural technologist and the principal contractor. Building Services Engineer Building services engineers design and implement a range of items into the project that dont improve the resources and the quality of the building. Building services and the effective use of heat, light, acoustics and other electrical appliances have seen significant improvements in recent years and many of these items, such as lifts, escalators, air conditioning and heating and ventilation systems, need to be integrated into the contract drawings at an early stage to avoid conflicts of space or to ensure that the design can accommodate machinery, plant and equipment. Clerk of Works The clerk of works is employed directly by the client, who will want assurance that a contractor is producing a building that meets specification in terms of both materials and workmanship. The clerk of works also reports to the architect on progress of the construction works. Clerks of works do not issue instructions and do not have authority to impose variations or changes to the design but will need to inspect the works as it proceeds and hence need to visit the site frequently. On some larger sites, a clerk of works will have a resident office and spend their entire working time there. Contractor Contractors perform many duties on site and thus they are in the best position to ensure that site activities are carried out safely. Contractors must ensure that subcontractors have information about risks on the site and that all workers and operatives working on the project have adequate training and a suitable induction to site procedures. Task 3 Explain the roles and responsibilities of the production team. (Identify then describe the members of a production team, this is the team that will produce the building from the design) The Production Team Projects Manager Site Manager Quantity Surveyor Site Engineer Task 4 Describe the legal implications that could arise from miscommunication Legal implications that could arise from miscommunication include- In terms of legal position The client is put at the top of any hierarchical chain. However, the client usually tends to place the responsibilities on the architect, the design team and the contractors. To prevent any legal implications, architects are required by law to hold qualifications that show that they completely understand the principles of design and can build a sufficiently strong structure. They must also comply with the legislations such as planning, building regulations and management regulations and the disabled and disabilities act. Furthermore, architects are required to have adequate public liability insurance to protect any third parties from any defects or problems related with their work. Task 5 Changes made are window size have been increased (communicate this to the production team) Write letter to (proof and backup needed, when communication has taken place) Paragraph on the different communications Produce a written communication between design and production team- Write sample letter to product team about change in window size Tell building to leave gaps for the windows (bigger gaps) Who needs to be told? QS Because specification will change Task 6 Describe a modern method of construction look for a sustainable method employing timber or a technological product. Describe what methods and components could be used to construct each type of building- Why is there a need for these different methods and components? Merit Criteria Task 7- Obtain a copy of RIBA current plan of works, how does it work? What are its merits? The benefits of using the RIBA plan of work are that it is easily understood, it is a well-planned, coordinated structured approach. What are all the stages? How will the team members be coordinated to complete the project? RIBA Plan of works Feasibility phase- Inception Feasibility At this stage of the plan, the architect will work closely with the client to determine and prepare the requirements of the building project. Architects will provide clients with an appraisal and recommendation so that they can determine the form in which the project is to proceed, ensuring that it is feasible both in technical and financial terms. Pre-construction phase- Outline proposals Scheme design At this stage, the architect will usually have determined through sketch plans the layout, design and construction in order to obtain approval of the client on the outline proposals and accompanying report. To complete the brief and decide on particular proposals, including planning arrangements and appearance, constructional method, outline specification and cost, the architect will then draft plans and drawings for submission to the local authority to obtain all approvals such as building control and planning consent. Detail design At this stage, the architect will have to obtain final decisions on all matters related to design, specification, construction and cost. BVy creating working drawings and finalising the full designs of every part and component of the building, the architect draws together the construction team. Meetingds of the team will take place to discuss and decide materials, finishings, services, contributions by specialist firms and a range of other matters relating to the finalising of the building. It is important that any changes or modifications to the scheme are noted and accommodated so that everyone can be updated and work from the latest drawings. Changes can be accommodates at this stage, although they may result in increased costs due to the scheme being planned on an early proposal. Production information This part of the plan includes the preparation of product information used in the building, the drafting of bills of quantities, tender documents and project planning materials such as the programme of works showing duration of activities and the time taken to create the building itself. This is a very important stage in the process and particular care must be taken to ensure accuracy of the work involved in drawings and specifications so that the contractors undertaking the building work have all the necessary information to hand to complete the work to the appropriate standard. Drawings require at this stage include a location plan of where the work is found, a layout drawing of the construction site itself and a general arrangement drawing that shows the layout of the work to be done. From these drawings, a series of schedules and specifications will be drafted to provide any necessary additional information. Bills of quantity Specifications are dealt with in more detail later on, but their link with the bills of quantities is important. Bills of quantities are prepared by a quantity surveyor who reads the drawings and determines the quantities and amounts of materials needed to complete the constructions work. Any part of the building that is not yet finalised or has missing information can be allocated a provisional or prime cost so that there is an amount for the work to take place is allocated even when the actual cost or amount to do this work may be finalised some time later. If the architect has not yet appointed a construction contractor or team to complete the works onsite, discussions at this stage will begin to determine an appropriate company or contractor to appoint who is capable of undertaking the work. Tender The idea of tendering is to allow the client an opportunity to present a batch of work or a construction contract to contractors who learn about the complexity, the stages of construction, the limits and the constraints anticipated within the work so that a realistic and accurate price can be calculated by the contractors. The contractors then identify the price of the works and the client chooses the contractor best suited and able to do the work. Frequently, the cheapest tender or quote is selected as this can represent best value for the client. For some work selective tendering may take place, where a architect and quantity surveyor invite contractors that are either known to them or have an established reputation for completing work similar to the one they are working on, to tender. Again, the cheapest quote is most commonly selected in this process. Contractors may be approached so that they tender an interest in the work. Sometimes a pre-tender meeting may be held with contractors and the complexity and the details of the work can be communicated to the contractors so that the contractors, the architect and he client can satisfy themselves that they are all capable of completing the work within the appointed timescale and budget. A letter of invitation to tender can then be issued together with all relevant drawings, specifications and bills the contractors can then visit the site of works and the contractor will determine and cost the project. Tenders are returned to the architect at an agreed date and time. Initial comparison of the tenders received from different contractors takes place by the architect and sometimes this includes the client or their representative. This analysis of the tenders usually results in the lowest priced tender winning the contract and being appointed as the contractor. Construction phase- Project planning This is where the work to produce the building starts on the building itself. Contract documents are prepared and signed. At a project planning meeting, the architect will usually clarify any points undecided at this stage and agree anyfurther contractual points. Contractors draft a programme of works that illustrates the milestones and the total duration of the work. Key milestones include taking possession of the site, dates of the project progress meeting and other key dates that are achieved during the lifetime of the contract. The contractor is expected to sign the contract documents at this stage, which include: A copy of the contract A full set of construction drawings Bills of quantities Specifications A register of drawings Site diary and associated report forms Site operations The site is officially handed over to the contractor who can begin construction-related operations. The site is now the responsibility of the contractor who has to comply with all the legislative requirements and legal constraints. The contractor should be informed of any rights of way, preservation orders, protection requirements and any other environmental issues that need to be considered in terms of the work and the activities on site in the months ahead. the contractor has a duty to ensure the appropriate site supervision of all those involved in activities onsite. a clerk of works will check on behalf of the client and the architect that the contractor is complying and building the project to the appropriate standards of materials and workmanship. samples are taken of various materials, sometimes by a specific request from the architect and other times by established practice in some cases, such as the sampling of concrete which is regularly tested by way of a slump test to ensure workability when it arrives on site, and its strength assessed by testing to destruction samples at regular intervals after the concrete has been placed. brickwork panels are sometimes erected to enable the architect and the client to see what the brickwork will eventually look like. tiles, blocks, panels, etc. may also be subject to a request that the contractor builds a mock-up or sample panel for viewing by the architect and the client so that the quality and the desired finish of the work can be ascertained and ensured. The contractors duties at this stage of the plan are to work diligently on the construction works adhering to all relevant health, safety and welfare legislation. the contractor is also expected to maintain a site diary to record relevant information about the progress of the construction works. typically, a site diary will include information on: weather conditions visitors on site for the period any deliveries of materials to site progress of work to date personnel onsite including subcontractors any comments and notes taken about the work undertaken Discrepancies and any inconsistencies in contract documents. Completion as the building starts to take shape, the contractor may be required to hand over part of the building to the client. the actual date of handover is planned and any outstanding issues relating to the construction works can be determined and a solution found. the period of notice required varies from site to site, but usually adequate notice is required in order to prepare the area and any other supporting documentation. the client should be in a position to accept the building for its proper use so the architect will usually insist on inspecting the area and determining for themselves that the work is to the appropriate standard of materials and workmanship, that all services and equipment are functioning appropriately and effectively and that the as-built record drawings are a true record of the actual building. the building manual which in the case of a simple domestic dwelling or house will be simple could extend to a complex and detailed manual of several volumes for an industrial or more intricate commercial building. a certificate of practical completion can be issued by the architect to the contractor which then enables the contractor to claim monies due for the construction work and address any defects and snags that have arisen so far. at this stage, the contractor has effectively completed the construction stage and has no responsibilities for the insurance of the building or its works. When all defects or amendments or outstanding issues are addressed, the architect will issue a final certificate and the account will be adjusted for variations, subsequent instructions and fluctuations in labour and materials prices and/or costs Feedback the final part of the riba plan is to analyse and evaluate the progress of what was expected with what was actually delivered. architects will need to determine what has happened in order to achieve better performance in the future. typically, an analysis and evaluation could include the following: what does the client think of the completed building? Does the building function effectively? What parts of the design were particularly successful or problematic? Could this design process have been undertaken differently and have provided a better service to the contractor or the client? What relationship and communication existed between the design team and the construction team? How could these be improved in the future? Did the contractor meet all the performance targets in a timely and effective manner? Did the design process run smoothly? If not, why? Was the job profitable and was the contract fulfilled? Why will my company use RIBA and what happens if it is altered or not adhered to. Why the company will use RIBA The riba plan is usually accepted as the most suitable plan, although many other types of plan are acceptable for smaller building projects or for instances where the riba plan may be too inflexible when conditions change frequently. The RIBA plan of work is known for being well planned, coordinated, and known for having a structured approach. Task 8- Compare the methods available for communication, for example, advantages and disadvantages of each. Explain why the contractor must implement these changes Distinction Criteria Task 9 Analyse and discuss in detail the RIBA plan of work in terms of handling a design change after work has started. Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan from design to construction phase and provide examples of the plans flexibility to resolve changes of design quickly. Include how these changes are quantified.